Complicated trabeculectomy converted into ab externo cyclodialysis

ABSTRACT The creation of a scleral flap during trabeculectomy can be complicated by a buttonhole, partial amputation at the limbus, and extensive thinning. In some cases, the procedure must be aborted to prevent more serious postoperative complications. This report describes a technique of converting complicated trabeculectomy into ab externo cyclodialysis. A 41-year-old patient with congenital glaucoma presented with a perforated scleral wall with the choroidal tissue exposed during the dissection of the partial-thickness scleral flap. By using a Barraquer cyclodialysis spatula through the scleral perforation, the choroid was separated from the sclera up to the scleral spur over 30° into the anterior chamber. The sclera and conjunctiva/Tenon were sutured with 10-0 nylon single sutures. Two months later, the intraocular pressure was reduced to 16 mmHg with no hypotensive topical medications. This case illustrates an alternative approach to managing a flap-related perioperative complication in trabeculectomy, which yielded good early results.

Adverse events in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery in a pediatric intensive care unit: the contribution of the VIS score and the RACHS-1 / Eventos adversos em pós-operatório cardíaco em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica: a contribuição do escore VIS e do RACHS-1

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of adverse events in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery in a pediatric intensive care unit and to find any patient characteristics that can predict such events. Methods: This was a historical cohort study of patients recovering in the pediatric intensive care unit for the first 7 days after cardiac surgery between April and December 2019, by reviewing the medical records. The following were reviewed: demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics; patient severity scores; and selected adverse events, grouped into device-related, surgical, and nonsurgical. Results: A total of 238 medical records were included. At least one adverse event occurred in 110 postoperative patients (46.2%). The total number of adverse events was 193 (81%). Vascular catheters were the most common cause, followed by cardiac arrest, bleeding, and surgical reexploration. In the univariate analysis, the vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS), Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) score, age, Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM-2), cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamping duration were significantly associated with adverse events. In the multivariate analysis, VIS ≥ 20 (OR 2.90; p = 0.004) and RACHS-1 ≥ 3 (OR 2.11; p = 0.019) were significant predictors, while age and delayed sternal closure showed only trends toward significance. To predict the occurrence of adverse events from VIS and RACHS-1, the area under the curve was 0.73 (95%CI 0.66 - 0.79). Conclusion: Adverse events were quite frequent in children after cardiac surgery, especially those related to devices. The VIS and RACHS-1, used together, predicted the occurrence of adverse events well in this pediatric sample.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de eventos adversos em pós-operatório cardíaco em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e estabelecer eventuais associações das características dos pacientes e a possibilidade de predizer tais eventos. Métodos: Coorte histórica de 7 dias de pós-operatório cardíaco, de abril a dezembro de 2019, por revisão de prontuários de pacientes com recuperação em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Foram revisados: características demográficas e clínico-laboratoriais, escores de gravidade dos pacientes e eventos adversos selecionados agrupados em: relacionados a dispositivos, a aspectos cirúrgicos e a aspectos não cirúrgicos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 238 prontuários. Ocorreu pelo menos um evento adverso em 110 pós-operatórios (46,2 %). O número total de eventos adversos foi 193 (81%), sendo mais frequente a complicação com cateteres vasculares, seguida de parada cardíaca, sangramento e reexploração cirúrgica. Na análise univariada, escore vasoativo-inotrópico (VIS- vasoactive-inotropic score), Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) score, idade, Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM-2), tempo de circulação extracorpórea e de clampeamento aórtico foram estatisticamente significantes com eventos adversos. Na análise multivariável, VIS ≥ 20 (OR 2,90; p = 0,004) e RACHS-1 ≥ 3 (OR 2,11; p = 0,019) mostraram-se relevantes e com significância estatística, enquanto idade e fechamento tardio do esterno possuíam apenas tendência a essa associação. Considerando a previsão de ocorrência de eventos adversos a partir dos valores de escore vasoativo-inotrópico e de RACHS-1, a área sob a curva mostrou valor de 0,73 (IC95% 0,66 - 0,79). Conclusão: A frequência de eventos adversos foi expressiva e aqueles relacionados a dispositivos foram os mais frequentes. O VIS e o RACHS-1, utilizados em conjunto, foram capazes de predizer a ocorrência de eventos adversos nesta amostra pediátrica.

Binocular vision problems associated with refractive surgery and the use of risk screening / 中华实验眼科杂志

Although binocular vision problems do not appear to be one of the common complications of refractive surgery, the available evidence suggests that these problems can occur after refractive surgery, and preoperative binocular vision status may predict the risk of postoperative binocular vision anomalies.Furthermore, because ophthalmologists usually do not clearly recognize binocular vision, or they do not pay enough attention to it, the existing literature may underestimate the actual prevalence of binocular vision problems after refractive surgery.This paper discusses the existing literature on refractive surgery-related binocular vision anomalies and recommends a screening protocol and risk stratification.It also discusses the expected results of binocular vision testing, the diagnostic criteria for common binocular vision problems, and strategies for treating these anomalies before and after refractive surgery.

Binocular vision problems associated with refractive surgery and the use of risk screening / 中华实验眼科杂志

Although binocular vision problems do not appear to be one of the common complications of refractive surgery,the available evidence suggests that these problems can occur after refractive surgery,and preoperative binocular vision status may predict the risk of postoperative binocular vision anomalies.Furthermore,because ophthalmologists usually do not clearly recognize binocular vision,or they do not pay enough attention to it,the existing literature may underestimate the actual prevalence of binocular vision problems after refractive surgery.This paper discusses the existing literature on refractive surgery-related binocular vision anomalies and recommends a screening protocol and risk stratification.It also discusses the expected results of binocular vision testing,the diagnostic criteria for common binocular vision problems,and strategies for treating these anomalies before and after refractive surgery.

Desarrollo y validación externa de un puntaje predictivo de mediastinitis posoperatoria en cirugía cardíaca derivado del registro multicéntrico CONAREC XVI / Development and External Validation of a Predictive Score of Postoperative Mediastinitis in Cardiovascular Surgery Derived from the CONAREC XVI Multicenter Registry

RESUMEN Objetivos: El objetivo de este análisis fue definir variables predictoras independientes para la aparición de mediastinitis pos-cirugía cardíaca, y desarrollar un puntaje validado para estratificar el riesgo de manifestación de mediastinitis. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron datos el estudio CONAREC XVI de adultos sometidos a cirugía cardíaca entre 2007 y 2008, en 49 centros de 16 provincias argentinas. Se definió mediastinitis como la presencia de signos clínicos o cultivos positivos. Se evaluaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas, tipo de cirugía, variables intraoperatorias y posoperatorias, estudios complementarios. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística múltiple para identificar variables independientemente asociadas a la manifestación de mediastinitis posoperatoria. Se consideró como significativa un error alfa menor del 5% a dos colas. Se construyó un score y se realizó una validación externa con pacientes de otros centros quirúrgicos. Resultados: Se analizaron 2553 pacientes: 1465 (57,4%) sometidos a cirugía coronaria, 359 (14,1%) a reemplazo valvular aórtico, 169 (6,6%) a cirugía valvular mitral, 312 (12,2%) a cirugía combinada y 248 (9,7%) a otras. La incidencia de mediastinitis fue 1,88% en la población global. Las variables asociadas al desarrollo de mediastinitis fueron: antecedente de tabaquismo, OR: 2,3 (IC 95% 1,1-5,1) p = 0,02, disfunción ventricular grave, OR: 2,8 (IC 95% 1,3-6,2) p = 0,001, reoperación, OR: 4,6 (IC 95% 1,8-11,3) p = 0,001, e insuficiencia renal posoperatoria, OR: 4,3 (IC 95% 1,9-9,6) p = 0,0001. Se construyó un score de riesgo adjudicando los siguientes puntajes según la presencia o ausencia de cada una de los cuatros variables del modelo resultante: 1 punto en caso de disfunción ventricular grave, 1 punto para el antecedente de tabaquismo, 2 puntos para el desarrollo de insuficiencia renal y 2 puntos para la necesidad de reoperación. El área ROC para mortalidad fue 0,72 (IC 95% 0,64-0,81) (Hosmer Lemeshow p = 0,9). El grupo de validación incluyó 1657 pacientes con edad media fue de 62,8 ± 13 años. Se observó una incidencia de mediastinitis de 1,6%. El área ROC para desarrollo de mediastinitis fue 0,70 (IC 95% 0,58-0,80), p = 0,001. Conclusiones: La construcción de un score de riesgo predictivo del desarrollo de mediastinitis en el posoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca resulta relevante para su aplicación en la práctica diaria, tanto para la prevención como para la detección temprana de esta grave complicación.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this analysis was to define independent predictive variables for the development of mediastinitis after cardiovascular surgery and develop a validated score to stratify the risk for mediastinitis. Methods: Data were retrieved from the CONAREC XVI study comprising adults undergoing cardiovascular surgery between September 2007 and October 2008 in 49 centers of 16 provinces in Argentina. Mediastinitis was defined as the presence of clinical signs attributable to the condition or positive cultures. Epidemiological and clinical variables, type of surgery, intraoperative and postoperative variables and complementary tests were evaluated. A logistic regression model was used to identify the independent variables associated with perioperative mediastinitis. A two-tailed alpha error < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A score was constructed and was externally validated in patients from other surgical centers. Results: A total of 2553 patients were analyzed: coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 1465 patients (57.4%); aortic valve replacement, 359 (14.1%); mitral valve surgery, 169 (6.6%); combined procedure (revascularization-valve surgery), 312 (12.2%); other procedures, 248 (9.7%). The overall incidence of medistinitis was 1.88%. The variables associated with the development of mediastinitis were: smoking habits (OR, 2.3; 95% CI,1.1-5,1; p=0.02), severe left ventricular dysfunction (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-6.2; p=0.001), reoperation (OR, 4,6; 95% CI,1.8-11.3; p=0.01) and postoperative renal failure (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.9-9,6; p=0.0001). A risk score was constructed assigning 1 point for severe left ventricular dysfunction, 1 point for the history of smoking habits, 2 points for the development of renal failure and 2 points for need for reoperation. The area under the ROC curve for mortality was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64-0,81; Hosmer Lemeshow test p=0.9). The external validation was performed on 1657 patients, mean age 62.8±13.3 years. The incidence of mediastinitis was 1.6%. The area under the ROC curve for the development of mediastinitis was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.58-0.80; p=0.001). Conclusions: The construction of a predictive score for the development of postoperative mediastinitis after cardiovascular surgery is relevant for daily practice for the prevention and early detection of this severe complication.

Complicação grave do uso irregular do PMMA: relato de caso e a situação brasileira atual / Severe complication due to inappropriate use of polymethylmethacrylate: a case report and current status in Brazil

Introdução: Os preenchedores permanentes, apesar de resultados duradouros, são verdadeiros problemas quando causam complicações. No Brasil, o PMMA é um produto aprovado pela Anvisa, mas seu uso extrapola suas indicações, levando a complicações graves. Há mais de uma década, existem recomendações sobre sua restrição, mas casos com consequências graves do seu uso irresponsável são atuais. Objetivo: Relatar complicação grave do uso irregular do PMMA e discutir a realidade brasileira atual baseado em determinações das entidades médicas, assim como dos órgãos reguladores. Métodos: É relatado um caso de necrose extensa da região glútea após a injeção de PMMA por profissional não qualificado e discutida a situação brasileira atual do produto com base nas entidades médicas e revisão da literatura do Brasil. Discussão: Apesar do esforço das entidades médicas, são inúmeros os casos de complicações agudas e crônicas relatados na literatura brasileira. No ano de 2016, foram registradas mais de 17 mil complicações relacionadas ao PMMA, mesmo assim, é difícil estabelecer dados epidemiológicos confiáveis, pois não há controle do número de aplicações, da qualidade do produto utilizado e da capacitação dos profissionais que o utilizam. Conclusão: No Brasil, há um número expressivo de procedimentos reparadores para correção de complicações decorrentes do uso do PMMA. A gravidade do caso relatado traz à tona a necessidade de combate à má prática por profissionais não capacitados, assim como um controle mais rigoroso da comercialização do produto por entidades reguladoras.(AU)

Introduction: Use of permanent fillers can lead to significant complications. In Brazil, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a product approved by the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), but its use exceeds its indications, leading to serious complications. Recommendations for restricted use have been in place for more than a decade, but cases with serious consequences due to inappropriate use are still seen. Objective: To report a serious complication due to inappropriate use of PMMA and discuss the current status of PMMA use in Brazil based on recommendations of medical societies and regulatory agencies. Methods: This report describes a case of extensive necrosis of the gluteal region after injection of PMMA by a non-qualified practitioner; the report also reviews the literature on the current status of PMMA use in Brazil. Discussion: Despite the efforts of medical societies, acute and chronic complications are still reported in the Brazilian literature. In 2016, more than 17,000 PMMArelated complications were reported; nevertheless, reliable epidemiological data remain unavailable because the number of treatments, the quality of the product, and the training of practitioners remain unregulated. Conclusion: A significant number of repair procedures are performed in Brazil to correct complications resulting from the use of PMMA. The severity of the reported case highlights the need to combat bad practice by untrained professionals, as well as the need for greater control of PMMA marketing by regulatory agencies.(AU)

Safety model for the introduction of robotic surgery in gynecology / Modelo de segurança para a introdução da cirurgia robótica em ginecologia

Abstract Objective To analyze the perioperative results and safety of performing gynecological surgeries using robot-assisted laparoscopy during implementation of the technique in a community hospital over a 6-year period. Methods This was a retrospective observational study in which the medical records of 274 patients who underwent robotic surgery from September 2008 to December 2014 were analyzed. We evaluated age, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis, procedures performed, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, the presence of a proctor (experienced surgeon with at least 20 robotic cases), operative time, transfusion rate, perioperative complications, conversion rate, length of stay, referral to the intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality. We compared transfusion rate, perioperative complications and conversion rate between procedures performed by experienced and beginner robotic surgeons assisted by an experienced proctor. Results During the observed period, 3 experienced robotic surgeons performed 187 surgeries,while 87 surgeries were performedby 20 less experienced teams, always with the assistance of a proctor. The median patient age was 38 years, and the median BMI was 23.3 kg/m2. The most frequent diagnosis was endometriosis (57%) and the great majority of the patients were classified as ASA I or ASA II (99.6%). The median operative time was 225 minutes, and the median length of stay was 2 days. We observed a 5.8% transfusion rate, 0.8% rate of perioperative complications, 1.1% conversion rate to laparoscopy or laparotomy, no patients referred to ICU, and no deaths. There were no differences in transfusion, complications and conversion rates between experienced robotic surgeons and beginner robotic surgeons assisted by an experienced proctor. Conclusion In our casuistic, robot-assisted laparoscopy demonstrated to be a safe technique for gynecological surgeries, and the presence of an experienced proctor was considered a highlight in the safety model adopted for the introduction of the robotic gynecological surgery in a high-volume hospital and, mainly, for its extension among several surgical teams, assuring patient safety.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os resultados perioperatórios e a segurança da realização de cirurgias ginecológicas por laparoscopia robô-assistida durante a implementação da técnica num hospital comunitário ao longo de 6 anos. Métodos Este foi umestudo retrospectivo observacional, comanálise dos prontuários de 274 pacientes que se submeteramà cirurgia robótica de setembro de 2008 a dezembro de 2014. Avaliamos idade, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), diagnóstico, procedimentos realizados, classificação da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologia (ASA), presença de um preceptor (cirurgião experiente, compelomenos 20casos robóticos), tempocirúrgico, taxa de transfusão, complicações perioperatórias, taxa de conversão, tempo de internação, encaminhamento para Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e mortalidade. Comparamos taxa de transfusão, complicações perioperatórias e taxa de conversão entre procedimentos realizados por cirurgiões experientes com a técnica e cirurgiões iniciantes na robótica, sempre assistidos por um preceptor experiente. Resultados Durante o período observado, 3 cirurgiões experientes realizaram 187 cirurgias, enquanto que 87 cirurgias foram realizadas por 20 equipes menos experientes, sempre com a presença de um preceptor. A mediana da idade foi 38 anos, e a mediana do IMC foi 23,3 kg/m2. O diagnósticomais frequente foi endometriose (57%) e a grande maioria das pacientes foi classificada como ASA I ou ASA II (99,6%). O tempo de cirurgia teve uma mediana de 225 minutos, e o tempo de permanência hospitalar teve uma mediana de 2 dias. Observamos 5,8% de taxa de transfusão, 0,8% de taxa de complicações perioperatórias, 1,1% de taxa de conversão para laparoscopia ou laparotomia e não houve pacientes encaminhadas à UTI, nem óbitos. Não houve diferença nos índices de transfusão, complicações e conversão entre cirurgiões experientes e cirurgiões iniciantes na robótica, assistidos por umpreceptor experiente. Conclusão Em nossa casuística, a laparoscopia robô-assistida demonstrou ser uma técnica segura para cirurgias ginecológicas, e a presença de um preceptor experiente foi considerada um ponto de destaque no modelo de segurança adotado para a introdução da cirurgia robótica em ginecologia num hospital de grande volume e, principalmente, na sua expansão entre diversas equipes cirúrgicas, mantendo a segurança das pacientes.

Stent-graft relining in a patient with acute aortic aneurysm and a completely migrated endograft

Abstract Stent-graft migration and type I endoleaks are associated with a higher rate of reintervention and increased mortality and morbidity. This article describes a patient presented with an infrarenal aortic stent-graft which had migrated into the aortic sac with loss of all aortic neck attachment. The acutely expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm was treated by placing a second modular endograft within and above the migrated stentgraft. The patient returned 36 months later, with features of an acute myocardial infarction, severe bilateral lower limb ischemia, and renal failure. He was too ill for intervention and demised within 48 hours.

Complicações relacionadas ao uso do cateter venoso periférico: ensaio clínico randomizado / Complications related to the use of peripheral venous catheters: a randomized clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as complicações decorrentes do uso e tipo de cateter venoso periférico em adultos. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado; realizado em um hospital de ensino, no período de 2012 a 2015; incluiu-se 169 adultos internados em unidades clínicas e cirúrgicas que necessitaram de punção venosa periférica e com permanência prevista de mais de 96 horas. A randomização aleatória sistematizada alocou 90 participantes no Grupo Experimental (cateter de segurança completo) e 79 no Grupo Controle (cateter curto flexível). Resultados A taxa geral de complicações foi 55,62%, houve 18,34% de flebite, infiltração 11,83%, obstrução 11,24% e tração 9,47%. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para a ocorrência de complicações, flebite, obstrução e tração. Conclusão A taxa de complicações no cateterismo venoso periférico foi alta, mas quando comparados, sem diferença estatística significativa, o cateter de segurança completo teve taxas menores de complicações após o quarto dia de sobrevida.

Abstract Objective To analyze the complications deriving from the use and type of peripheral venous catheter in adults. Methods Randomized clinical trial; undertaken at a teaching hospital between 2012 and 2015; 169 adults were included who were hospitalized at clinical and surgical services and needed peripheral venipuncture with an expected dwelling time of more than 96 hours. Through systemized randomization, 90 participants were allocated to the trial group (complete safety catheter) and 79 to the control group (short flexible catheter). Results The general complications rate was 55.62%, with 18.34% of phlebitis, 11.83% infiltration, 11.24% obstruction and 9.47% traction. No significant difference was found between the groups for the occurrence of complications, phlebitis, obstruction and traction. Conclusion The complication rate in peripheral venous catheterization was high but, when compared, without a statistically significant difference, the complete safety catheter showed lower complication rates after the fourth day of survival.

Fracture of the surgery table prior to perform a tubal ligation on a patient / Fractura de la mesa de cirugía antes de operar a una paciente de ligadura de trompas

This paper reports the case of a patient about to undergo a tubal ligation; after inducing anesthesia, the surgical table where the patient lay in a state of deep sedation and analgesia fractured, exposing her to a fall. The patient did not suffer any injury and it was determined that the cause of the fracture was the wear of a support piece of the surgical table, which is considered material fatigue.

Se presenta el caso de una paciente que iba a ser intervenida para ligadura de trompas. Luego de la inducción anestésica, la mesa quirúrgica donde yacía en estado de sedación y analgesia profunda se fracturó y la paciente quedó expuesta a presentar una caída. La paciente no sufrió ninguna lesión y se pudo corroborar que la causa del incidente fue el desgaste de una pieza de soporte de la mesa quirúrgica, lo que se puede considerar como fatiga de materiales.

Factores de riesgo para la recurrencia de hernia de disco lumbar / Fatores de risco de recorrência de hérnia de disco lombar / Risk factors for recurrent lumbar disc herniation

OBJETIVO: La recurrencia de hernia del disco lumbar es un padecimiento que implica algunas dificultades en relación con el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Es importante tratar de identificar los factores que puedan influir en la presentación de la recurrencia. MÉTODOS: Se revisaron los casos de pacientes operados por hernia de disco lumbar recurrente entre los años de 2006 y 2008, buscando identificar los factores que tuvieran relación con dicha patología, y también se revisaron los casos de pacientes operados por hernia de disco lumbar en forma primaria. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron los casos de 20 pacientes con hernia discal lumbar recurrente y de 27 con hernia discal lumbar operados en forma primaria. Para los pacientes con recurrencia, se encontró que el 95% de ellos presentaban algún grado de obesidad, determinado por la Fórmula de Quetelet basada en el Índice de Masa Corporal; se observó también que el 75% de los casos tenían protrusión, con resultados excelentes en 35%, y buenos en 55%, el 10% presentó molestias residuales de forma grave. Para los pacientes con hernia primaria se estudiaron 27 casos, en los que se observó que el 92% de ellos se operaron antes de los 6 meses de iniciado el cuadro, 38% tuvieron resultados excelentes, 40% buenos y el 19% malos resultados. Al estudiar las variables, con el índice de Pearson, se encontró relación de la recurrencia con tabaquismo, trabajo, diabetes e hipertensión, y nivel de estudios, no con la obesidad. CONCLUSIONES: es destacable que dos de los factores relacionados son susceptibles de modificación antes del evento quirúrgico o posteriormente a este, lo cual puede beneficiar el desenlace del mismo.

OBJETIVO: A hérnia de disco envolve algumas dificuldades com relação ao diagnóstico e tratamento. É importante identificar os fatores que podem influenciar a recorrência. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados casos de pacientes operados de hérnia de disco lombar recidivante entre 2006 e 2008, buscando identificar os fatores que têm relação com a doença; também se analisaram os casos de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia primária de hérnia de disco lombar. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados os casos de 20 pacientes com hérnia de disco lombar recidivante e 27 casos de cirurgia primária de hérnia de disco lombar. Para os pacientes com recorrência, constatou-se que 95% tinham algum grau de obesidade, determinada pela fórmula de Quetelet, baseada no Índice de Massa Corporal; e também foi observado que 75% dos casos eram protrusão do disco com excelentes resultados em 35% e bons em 55%; 10% tiveram problemas residual grave. Foram estudados 27 casos de pacientes com hérnia primária, nos quais se verificou que 92% foram operados antes dos 6 meses do início do quadro, 38% tiveram resultados excelentes, 40%, bom e 19%, resultado ruim. Ao considerar as variáveis com a relação de Pearson encontrou-se relação da recorrência com tabagismo, trabalho, diabetes, hipertensão e escolaridade, mas não com a obesidade. CONCLUSÃO: É importante ressaltar que dois dos fatores estão sujeitos a alteração antes da cirurgia ou depois dela, o que pode beneficiar o resultado do mesmo.

OBJECTIVE: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation is a condition that involves some difficulties in relation to diagnosis and treatment. It is important to identify factors that may influence recurrence. METHODS: We reviewed cases of patients operated for recurrent lumbar disc herniation between 2006 and 2008, seeking to identify the factors that have relation with this disease, and also reviewed the cases of patients that underwent primary surgery for herniated lumbar disc. RESULTS: We analyzed the cases of 20 patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation and 27. For patients with recurrence, it was found that 95% had some degree of obesity determined by the Quetelet Index, based on Body Mass Index; it was also observed that 75% of cases were protruding with excellent results in 35% and good in 55%, 10% had severe residual conditions. In patients with primary hernia were studied 27 cases in which it was noted that 92% were operated before 6 months of the onset of the condition, 38% had excellent results, 40% good and 19% poor outcomes. Considering the variables with the Pearson correlation, it was found that the recurrence is related to smoking, work, diabetes and hypertension, and schooling, but not with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: It is remarkable that two of the factors are subject to change before or after the surgery, which can benefit the ir outcomes.

Diagnosis and treatrment of 68 patients with early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the clinical features of early postoperative inflammtory small bowel obstruction,and discuss its diagnosis,treatment and preventive measures.Methods The clinical data of 68 cases of early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction were analyzed retrospectively.Results Within the 68 cases,65 cases were cured by non-operative treatment including gastrointestinal decompression,anti-inflammatory drugs,somatostatin,total parenteral nutrition(TPN) and traditional Chinese medicine.The mean time from the onset of symptoms to the recovery of bowel function was 14 days.Three cases were cured by transferring to operation.One case of them was transferred to operation for strangulated intestinal obstruction during the period of conservative treatment.One case underwent oper.ion because the patient didn t recover after 4 weeks expectant treatment.One case underwent operation for the impatience with the conservative treatment of both the doctors and the patient.Conclusion Non-operative therapy should be the first choice for the treatment of early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction,and its therapeutical effect was well-accepted.